Novel technologies in doubled haploid line development ren. Using centromere mediated genome elimination to elucidate the. Centromere mediated genome elimination has proven to be a powerful tool in arabidopsis genetics allowing generation of haploid plants, rapid production of recombinant inbred lines, and reverse breeding approaches ravi and chan, 2010. In plants, centromeremediated genome elimination is used to 361 produce maternal haploids kelliher et al.
Sep 08, 2015 the generation of haploids is the most powerful means to accelerate the plantbreeding process. Centromeremediated genome elimination is a fairly recent advancement in the production of haploid plant lines. Further, doubled haploids are invaluable in basic genetic research such as gene discovery, genetic mapping, and genome sequencing, especially in perennial crops. Production of haploid plants that inherit chromosomes from only one parent can greatly accelerate plant breeding1, 2, 3. Generation of haploid plants and improved plant breeding. Genetic architecture of natural variation of telomere length. The rapidly evolving centromerespecific histone has stringent functional requirements in arabidopsis thaliana genetics, 186, 461471 2010 ravi, m. In plants, centromere mediated genome elimination is used to 361 produce maternal haploids kelliher et al. Dec 12, 2018 doubled haploids offer a rapid method of producing homozygous lines for accelerated breeding of varieties and hybrids necessary to address the food demands of the next 23 decades. Haploid plants, inheriting chromosomes from one parent only, have important advantages in genetic research but also crucially in plant breeding. Two methods are generally used to produce haploids. Apr 26, 2019 the model of centromere mediated chromosome elimination. As cenh3 is universal in eukaryotes, our method may be extended to produce haploids in any plant species.
The modified hi line was then used to pollinate an elite maize inbred line of any genotype. Nov 07, 2017 panels il show nonreductional segregation 50 in haploid meiosis, forming haploid dyads l. Research aimed at applying the haploid induction system to cassava and banana, funded by bread, is continuing in the laboratory of anne britt at ucd. A doubled haploid ril population was first produced using centromere mediated genome elimination between accessions with long pro0 and intermediate col0 telomere lengths. The procedure of haploid inducer mediated genome editing imge in maize. Here, we describe a facile, nontissue culturebased in vivo method of haploid production through seeds in the model plant, arabidopsis thaliana. In a battle between parental chromosomes, a failure to reload. During genome elimination, the zygote the product of pollen sperm and egg fusion, inherits both parental chromosome sets but one of the two parental genomes is lost upon the following. The effect of cenh3 variation in the solanum genus on genome elimination is being studied in collaboration with. According to the centromere size model, cenh3 mediated hi involves cross between a wildtype line and a haploid inducer line with smallerdefective centromeres. Doubled haploids offer a rapid method of producing homozygous lines for accelerated breeding of varieties and hybrids necessary to address the food demands of the next 23 decades. Uniparental genome elimination is typically achieved by crossing two sexually incompatible species, in some intraspeci. One could also take steps to minimize outcrossing putting haploid plants in aerocons or even better using a bagging system. Cehn3 transgenes were used to complement the phenotype of cenh3 knockout and knock.
The advent of affordable, largescale dna sequencing methods, coupled with advanced computing power, is empowering a detailed analysis of the structure and function of chromosomes. A competitive loading process between wt and mutant cenh3s occurs during the hybrid formation. A doubled haploid ril population was first produced using centromeremediated genome elimination between accessions with long pro0 and intermediate col0 telomere lengths. Wo2017081011a1 nontransgenic haploid inducer lines in. Haploid plants through seeds available technology for. The passionate life of simon chan genome biology full text. Chan, journalnature, year2010, volume464, pages615618. Here, we describe extreme chromosomal restructuring during genome elimination, a process resulting from hybridization of arabidopsis plants expressing different centromere histones h3. We elucidated whether point mutations in the centromerespecific histone h3 variant cenh3 could be harnessed for the induction of haploids. Apr 12, 2016 haploid plants produced by centromeremediated genome elimination. Maternal and paternal haploids can be generated through reciprocal crosses. Centromeremediated genome elimination has also been exploited to convert a natural tetraploid arabidopsis into a diploid, reducing its ploidy to simplify breeding. Altered centromere function has been implicated in genome elimination leading to formation of haploids plants.
The effect of cenh3 variation in the solanum genus on genome elimination is being studied in collaboration with the laboratory of roger chetelat. This method induces genome elimination from one parent in a cross with a precise mutation, rather than by culturing haploid cells or by crossing distantly related plants. We identified plants with impaired centromere loading caused by a mutation in the centromere targeting domain catd. According to the centromeresize model, cenh3mediated hi involves cross between a wildtype line and a haploid inducer line with smallerdefective centromeres. They can originate spontaneously in nature or as a result of various induction techniques. Conventionally, haploid plants are generated by in vitro tissue culture of haploid plant gametophytes, pollen male, and embryo sac female. Pdf haploid plants produced by centromeremediated genome. Point mutation impairs centromeric cenh3 loading and induces. Ravi m, chan sw 2010 haploid plants produced by centromeremediated genome elimination. In this phenomenon, one of the parental chromosome sets is completely lost during embryonic cell divisions, creating sterile haploid offspring. Fertilization and uniparental chromosome elimination during. We identified plants with impaired centromere loading caused by a mutation in the centromeretargeting domain catd. Although it was initially discovered in arabidopsis, the approach has received a tremendous amount of attention in a short period of time, due to its dramatic potential for applications in plant breeding. Synthetic clonal reproduction through seeds science.
Panels il show nonreductional segregation 50 in haploid meiosis, forming haploid dyads l. Mar 25, 2010 haploid plants, inheriting chromosomes from one parent only, have important advantages in genetic research but also crucially in plant breeding, where they are used to create instant homozygous. Haploid plants are characterized by possessing only a single set of chromosomes gametophytic number of chromosomes i. Aberrant alleles of cenh3 produce 330% haploid seed genome elimination only works after outcross some kind of disagreement of centromeres haploid plants produced by centromeremediated genome elimination nature, 2010. Genomeeliminationinducedbycenh3alterationsisnotspecific to the gfptailswap transgene. Rapid creation of arabidopsis doubled haploid lines for. A crisprcas9 cassette could be introgressed or directly transformed into a haploid inducer hi line. We have also exploited centromeremediated genome elimination to convert a natural tetraploid arabidopsis into a diploid, reducing its ploidy to simplify breeding. As cenh3 is universal in eukaryotes, our method can be extended to produce haploids in any plant species. May 15, 2015 here, we describe extreme chromosomal restructuring during genome elimination, a process resulting from hybridization of arabidopsis plants expressing different centromere histones h3.
Haploid plants produced by centromere mediated genome elimination ravi, m. Novel technologies in doubled haploid line development. Ravi and chan described a novel method of in vivo haploid induction through centromere. Doubled haploidy is a fundamental tool in plant breeding as it provides the fastest way to generate populations of meiotic recombinants in a genetically fixed state. Uniparental genome elimination occurs in diverse taxa, including several distantly related plant species and even in fish 1, 2. Making haploid plants which inherit chromosomes from only one parent.
Haploids generated from a heterozygous individual and converted to diploid create instant homozygous lines, bypassing generations of inbreeding. Haploid plants produced by centromeremediated genome elimination ravi, m. Mar, 2012 the ability to construct doubled haploid populations via centromere mediated genome elimination synergizes with a highquality genome sequence and vast natural collections with corresponding genotypic information to strengthen a. Haploids inherit chromosomes from one parent and when converted into perfect homozygotes by chromosome doubling become a powerful tool for plant breeding and genetics. Haploid plants produced by centromeremediated genome elimination nature, 464, 615618 2010 chan, s. Pdf haploids and doubled haploids in plant breeding. Genomic instability, involving chromosome number and structure changes, has been documented in multiple systems.
The ability to construct doubled haploid populations via centromeremediated genome elimination synergizes with a highquality genome sequence and vast natural collections with corresponding genotypic information to strengthen a. In plants, haploid induction through genome elimination has recently been connected mechanistically to. Shattered chromosomes are formed from the genome of the haploid inducer, consistent with genomic catastrophes affecting a single, laggard chromosome. Read this article to learn about the production of haploid plants. Nov, 20 doubled haploidy is a fundamental tool in plant breeding as it provides the fastest way to generate populations of meiotic recombinants in a genetically fixed state. We elucidated whether point mutations in the centromere specific histone h3 variant cenh3 could be harnessed for the induction of haploids. Homozygous cenh3 mutant plants were confirmed by pcr genotyping using derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence dcaps oligos 5. Aug 25, 2016 conventionally, haploid plants are generated by in vitro tissue culture of haploid plant gametophytes, pollen male, and embryo sac female. This was done by crossing the haploid inducer line with a plant that bypassed meiotic recombination and reduction. Here we show that haploid arabidopsis thaliana plants can be easily generated through seeds by manipulating a single centromere protein, the centromerespecific histone cenh3 called cenpa.
The invention further relates to a method for the production of haploid or doubled haploid plants and to the plants thus obtained. Haploid plants produced by centromeremediated genome elimination nature, 464, 615618 2010. Editing tamtl gene induces haploid plants efficiently by. Haploid plants produced by centromeremediated genome elimination.
Development of a haploidinducer mediated genome editing. Centromere functional defects underlie genome elimination in barley. Simon chan publications university of california, davis. Although the life cycle of most sexually reproducing plant species alternates between a diploid sporophytic phase and a highly reduced gametophytic haploid phase, it is possible to obtain haploid plants containing the same number of chromosomes in their somatic cells as do the normal gametes of the species dunwell, 2010. Haploid plants, inheriting chromosomes from one parent only, have important advantages in genetic research but also crucially in plant breeding, where they are used to create instant homozygous. Doubled haploid technology is widely used in maize zea mays breeding. Researchers at the university of california davis have developed a novel method to produce haploid plants through seeds. Jun 04, 2019 centromere mediated genome elimination has also been exploited to convert a natural tetraploid arabidopsis into a diploid, reducing its ploidy to simplify breeding. Haploid production by centromere mediated genome elimination. Composite interval mapping analysis of this population along with two established ril populations l er 2cvi0 and est1col0 revealed a number of shared and unique qtl. The elimination of a selectable marker gene in the doubled haploid progeny of cotransformed barley plants. Here we establish, through fine mapping, genome sequencing, genetic complementation, and gene editing, that haploid induction in maize zea mays is triggered by a frameshift mutation in.
In plants, haploid induction through genome elimination has recently been connected. There are two approaches for the production of haploid plants. Since the cellular origin of the plants produced is not. Haploid plants produced by centromere mediated genome elimination. Marimuthu mp, jolivet s, ravi m, pereira l, davda jn, et al. Centromere mediated genome elimination is a fairly recent advancement in the production of haploid plant lines. Kapusi e, hensel g, coronado mj, broeders s, marthe c, otto i, kumlehn j. The mechanism by which chromosomes from one parent are selectively. The cenh3gfptailswap haploid inducer line was described previously by ravi and chan, 2010. Validation of doubled haploid plants by enzymatic mismatch.
A wide range of methods has been developed to produce doubled haploid dh plants and recent advances promise efficient dh production in otherwise recalcitrant species. In plants, genome elimination resulting from certain interspecific crosses was described decades ago, but it is limited to occasional, natural occurrences. The model of centromeremediated chromosome elimination. Ascenh3isuniversalineukaryotes, our method may be extended to produce haploids in any plant species. Centromere histone h3 and phospholipasemediated haploid. Haploid plants produced by centromere mediated genome elimination nature, 464, 615618 2010. Catastrophic chromosomal restructuring during genome. Here we show that haploid arabidopsis thaliana plants can be easily generated through seeds by manipulating a single centromere protein, the centromere specific histone cenh3 called cenpa in human. Haploid plants produced by centromeremediated genome.
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