The economic motivations of the arab spring, international journal of development and conflict, vol. The unsexy truth about why the arab spring failed vox. The economic consequences of the arab spring by mohsin khan atlantic council rafik hariri center for the middle east the popular uprisings that swept the middle east in early 2011 dramatically altered the political landscape of the region with the overthrow of autocratic regimes in egypt, libya, tunisia, and yemen. To politically analyze the neverending arab spring, is a difficult task today as the arab spring continues to. And their night will then begin to fade, and their chains break and fall. We are witnessing today the emergence of new challenges and fracture lines. For decades, arab populations had faced repression of free speech, human rights abuses, economic mismanagement, corruption and stifling of political dissent. The term arab spring is an allusion to the revolutions of 1848, which are sometimes referred to as the springtime of nations, and the prague spring in 1968. Arab spring as a background of civil war in syria in. What have been the economic consequences so far of the arab spring. The arab spring and the emergence of the syrian crisis. What were the main causes of the arab spring in 20112012. Along with the decrease in production, the demographic boom was also responsible for increasing unemployment. Jan 15, 2014 to summarise, having analysed zionism, arab nationalism and british foreign policy as three key causes of the 1948 arab israeli war, as well as three major consequences of the war, this essay can conclude that the 1948 arab israeli war was a highly complex conflict with its origins going as far back as biblical times.
Pdf when the arab spring reached syria, its pharaoh, bashar alassad, was in no mood to give up easily. The popular protests resulted in changes in office in egypt, tunisia and libya whereas in syria the regime remained in power despite strong popular uprising and ongoing civil war. In order to unpack the respective influences of culture and religion on women in tunisian society, we must first attempt to understand the position of women in that society. In this sense the united states and turkey have the same dilemma. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. It is clear that the protests as a whole were not ideological, in that they did not seek to impose a particular set of beliefs or order. The more it puts itself forward as a democratic inspiration, or a political model in the middle east, the more it will have to show that it is indeed supporting the arab street against unpopular regimes. Nov 22, 2014 the geostrategic consequences of the arab spring. Tunisia and morocco are different in that they are more diversified and depend on agriculture, tourism, manufacturing, and mining. The 2011 egyptian protests were instigated by political and socioeconomic conditions in the country. The arab springs impact on the middle east has been profound, even if in many places its final outcome might not become clear for at least a generation. Chinese drought, bread and the arab spring sciencedirect. On the occasion of international womens day, march 8, 2016, the middle east program and the women in public service project at the wilson center asked a number of women in the middle east and north africa mena region and the united states about what they hope the status of women in the region will be in the next year and what needs to happen for women to get there.
The impact of the arab spring concerns protests or by the way attempts to organize growing protest movements that were inspired by or similar to the arab spring in the arab majority states of north africa and the middle east, according to commentators, organisers, and critics. Elite plans have not ensured the fair distribution of resources, both material public fu. There was general agreement among witnesses as to the longterm causes of the arab spring revolutions. As protest and revolution shake the arab world, this series of films document the arab awakening, offering fresh insights into. What are the causes and consequences of turkeys intervention in syria.
A cheat sheet1 1 causes of the syrian civil war discontent with authoritarianism and assad familys long reign of power in syria since the 1970s syria is 74% sunni, but the assad family is part of a shia sect known as the alawites. The paper what were the main causes of the arab spring in 20112012. Discuss the key causes and effects 2011 arabic spring in late 2010, a tidal wave of uprisings and protests in various parts of the arab world emerged. As the worlds attention was focused on protests in tahrir square, political and socioeconomic motives were discussed while significant indirect causes of the arab spring received little mention. Nevertheless, in the last decade almost all of the mena economies. Change and resistance in the middle east examines these revolutions and their aftermath. After more than five decades of independence from european colonialism, autocratic rulers have failed to meet the legitimate aspirations of the arab people. The waves of the arab spring in tunisia, egypt, libya, yemen and syria. The kuwait crisis of 1961 and its consequences for great britains persian gulf policy. There was a definite demonstration effect driving the arab spring. What were the causes and consequences of the 1948 arab.
Ever since the 1950s the arab world has been dominated by strongmen e. In order to unpack the respective influences of culture and religion on women in tunisian society, we must first attempt to. The economic reasons behind the arab spring an ilo. Islamist radicalisation in europe and the middle east. The arab spring and climate change center for american progress.
How 911 triggered the arab spring publish your masters. Peace and conflict studies, security publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay. A sociology of characteristics, causes, and consequences identifies and underscores how far two areas of academic inquiry still remain from one another and the pressing need for their synthesis. Arab uprisings, the what everyone needs to know james l. Protests that spread across the region in early 2011 started a longterm process of political and social transformation, marked in the initial stages primarily by political turbulence, economic difficulties, and even conflict. Jul 28, 2014 assessing the origins and causes of the arab spring is no easy task. Noted authorities writing specifically for this volume contribute chapters focusing on. The event set off uprisings across north africa and the.
The demands made by protestors were wide ranging, and also evolved as protest movements developed. Individual failures alone didnt cause the disastrous consequences of the arab spring. Jan 14, 2019 political, economic, and institutional factors have historically hampered regional development in tunisia. This part of the research focuses on the root causes and consequences of the arab spring that. Six months ago a tunisian street seller started what is now known as the arab spring by setting himself on fire. How 911 triggered the arab spring abdelkrim dekhakhena scientific essay politics international politics topic. The main causes and effects on the arab spring 1086 words 5 pages. He certainly could not have foreseen that he would motivate the peoples of the arab world1 to seek social change in the collection of demonstrations. One of the primary influences that have been highlighted in the analysis of the arab spring is the relative strength or weakness of a societys formal and informal institutions prior to the revolts.
Issue brief aftermath of the arab spring in north africa exports, and 98 percent of government revenues. This article attempts to systematize analytical information on the arab spring in the kingdom of saudi arabia. The purpose of this paper is to explore this question by focusing on the time frame from 2011 to 2016, i. The arab world has a long history of struggle for political change, from leftist groups to islamist radicals. Pdf the insurgencies in tunisia and egypt the jasmine and the tahrir revolutions seemed to offer great hope of the outbreak of democratic. The arab spring revolutions varied according to the social environment and nature of each ruling regime, and depending on the degree of civility in surrounding environments, the momentum in achieving the revolutions goals and was faster when charting the features of such revolutions. At the eve of the arab spring, one out of four egyptians and tunisians young was out of employment. These groups were able to extend their control and to form a black hole in the sahel that causes instability and tensions among different. Surveying the causes of the arab spring, and revealing the governing trends arising from it, this book examines various international relation theories through the lens of the experiences of the countries in the middle east and north africa region. Causes, consequences, and implications if, one day, a people desire to live, then fate will answer their call.
In the aftermath of the iraq war, it was used by various commentators and bloggers who anticipated a major arab movement towards democratization. Causes, effects and implications for pakistan and afghanistan syed hussain shaheed soherwordi and anum ikram in domino fashion, the arab world is in the grip of a series of revolutions. Youth frustration and the arab spring 3 mohammed bouazizi, the young street vendor who set himself ablaze in public in late 2010, did not intend to start a revolution in tunisia. The reasons and economic and political consequences of arab spring. The study concluded that migration from the arab spring countries refers to what can be called as the factors of expulsion in the countries of the arab spring and the factors of attraction in the receiving countries of migrants, these motives or factors can be. George orwell in his animal farm through allusions had prophesised this very predicament across nations where the poor, overworked and repressed. It is known that due of the economic distress, and lack of employment, many.
A year of revolution a year ago, a tunisian fruitseller set himself on fire after being humiliated by a police officer. Eschewing topdown, structuralist and culturalist explanations, the author shows that the causes and consequences of mubaraks ousting can only be understood by paying close attention to the evolving dynamics of contentious politics witnessed in egypt since 2011. The geostrategic consequences of the arab spring opendemocracy. Introduction the arab spring a struggle on three fronts. This study aims to discuss the issues of migration from the arab spring countries to the european countries in terms of its causes and consequences. Introduction the arab spring a struggle on three fronts the year 2011 may be remembered in history as the year that witnessed the blossoming of the arab spring, or it may be described as the year that islamists rose to power in several arab statesin other words, the islamist spring. Causes include human rights violations, economic decline, as well as extreme poverty caused by unemployment. The reasons and economic and political consequences of. This book attempts to correctly identify why it all happened, and, why it all failed. Indeed, finding such solutions is perhaps the lynchpin for bringing stability back to the middle east and. The causes of the arab spring, or as some call it, arab awakening, were many and longgathering. On the economic causes of the arab spring and its possible developments article pdf available january 2015 with 1,603 reads how we measure reads. In the analytical discourse so far, there are two ways of describing the causes and consequences of the arab spring.
Consequences of arab spring consequences of the socalled arab spring on eus security, and notably on southern europe, constitutes an important matter of concern. Two years after the beginning of the arab spring, it is now becoming clear that this model will contain elements of both populism and reforms, with the weights assigned to each differing across countries. The arab spring and its subsequent impact on a global scale that sparked widespread protests against governments and policies, is a watershed in the evolution of sociopolitical movements. However, although the immediate motivation behind his gesture was anger at the confiscation of his market stall, the economic causes of recent events in the middle east have still received relatively little attention. The decline of nationstates after the arab spring routledge. Unlike 911, the arab spring is attributable to deep and widespread sociological causes e. Political geography of turkeys intervention in syria. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. These include political freedom, economic prosperity, and human dignity.
Elizabeth marcus is an intern with the national security team at the center for american progress. Causes, effects and implications for pakistan and afghanistan. My attempt here is to offer a brief examination of the role of religion in informing, supporting and mobilising these. Many experts compare the arab spring to the popular revolutions that shook communist states in the late 1980s and early 1990s of the 20th century. This resulted in a rather stunted and closed atmosphere. Many arabs believe that the arab spring is a western, and more specifically an american, plan since the days of former us secretary of state henry kissinger to divide the middle east into smaller. Lara friedman, director of policy and government relations for americans for peace now april 15, 2011. In tunisia, protests which began primary over economic frustration, injustice and.
The arab spring and climate change is a title that will still strike many readers as a very strange juxtaposition. This paper argues that we ought to understand the arab spring as transformative revolutionary movement, but one that will be faced with numerous bumps in the road ahead. The author specifies causes of the public outcry, goals of the opposition groups along with the consequences of the arab spring for domestic politics. This part of the research focuses on the root causes and consequences of the arab spring that affected tunisia, egypt, libya and syria.
The possible outcome of the arab spring scenarios for the future i. There have been repeated attempts to forge greater economic cooperation between arab neighbors through numerous regional initiatives, such as the arab common market, the united arab republic, federation of arab republics, arab cooperation council, arab maghreb union, the greater arab free trade agreement, the agadir agreement egypt, jordan, morocco and tunisia, and the gulf cooperation council. The global crisis has, probably, exacerbated the populations discontent. The first analytical frame is to identify the things that make a country susceptible to protests or fragile enough for a popular uprising to ignite in the streets. The arab spring unexpectedly developed in late 2010 with peaceful protests in a number of arab countries against longstanding, entrenched regimes, and rapid political change across the region ensued. The economic and social consequences of the conflict in syria provides a detailed analysis of the physical damage caused by the war, the impact of casualties and the. How the economic policies of a corrupt elite caused the. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d. The study concluded that migration from the arab spring countries refers to what can be called as the. Effects and consequences of the arab spring the hollings. What kind of weather will the arab spring bring to the middle east. The geographic position of many arab states protagonist of the arab spring lead us to analyze also the international causes of these revolts. Instead, a new arab political identity with an antidespotic, pluralis t and democracyseekin g approach is dawning.
In examining the arab springs preliminary consequences, this thesis provides an initial understanding of how the revolutions affect the united states and challenge international norms. Its causes and consequences 3 arab countries barany, 2011. Each of the three chapters within this paper focus on a unique issue related to the syrian civil war that demonstrate the cascading set of consequences that have snowballed from issues that, in large part, originated in syria starting with end of. But as the contents of this volume make clear, it describes the interplay of factors that will demand an increasing amount of our attention going forward. One year after the events, the looking back should be enough to draw lessons and debate about. Sorry, we are unable to provide the full text but you may find it at the following locations. Ebscohost serves thousands of libraries with premium essays, articles and other content including the arab spring. Aug 02, 2012 due to the state of flux in tunisia since 2011, the focus will be on the status of women prior to 2011 and the onset of the arab spring. Migration from the arab spring countries to europe. The causes and effects of the arab springs by 12ael no single cause was behind the arab spring. But the protests that started in 2011 could not have evolved into a mass phenomenon had it not been for the widespread discontent over unemployment and low living standards. Egypt is the biggest arab state and it is the first state that signed a peace accord with israel. As such, they are seeking their own economic model. Due to the state of flux in tunisia since 2011, the focus will be on the status of women prior to 2011 and the onset of the arab spring.
The causes and effects of the arab springs 823 words. Effects of the arab spring international development. As economic distress is show to be one of the major causes of the arab spring, political dissatisfaction may be the biggest of them all to cause these disturbances. When the arab spring began, tunisia had an established infrastructure and a lower level of petty corruption than did other states, such as libya. The study concluded that migration from the arab spring countries refers to what can be called as the factors of expulsion in the countries of the arab spring and the factors of attraction in the receiving countries of migrants, these motives or factors can be classified as political, economic and social factors. The arab revolutions of 2011 have had deep local and global consequences. Roots and causes of the arab uprisings there is a consensu s among politica l analysts regardin g the cocktai l of major factors that, when combined, created the socia l explosio n known as the 2011 arab uprisings.
Pdf on the economic causes of the arab spring and its. Assessing the origins and causes of the arab spring is no easy task. One of the consequences of the emergence of the current form of. Each chapter uses a different method to come to its conclusion. This paper aims to examine the causes and consequences of animosity that sunni arabs may harbor against iran and turkey two regional powers and key players in the middle east. The reasons and economic and political consequences of arab spring 43 egypt, where arab spring lasted longer, is one of the largest countries in africa with its advantages such as its location, tourism revenues and logistics moaddel, 2012. Pdf on jan 1, 2014, ismet gocer and others published the reasons and economic and political consequences of arab spring find. Pdf the reasons and economic and political consequences of. Syria this guide lists online and print sources for what has become known as the arab spring, the popular revolutionary wave in the middle east and north africa that started in december 2010. Rape and the arab spring center for american progress. This paper attempts to examine the causes of the arab uprisings in middle eastern.
Its origins, evolution and consequences four years on. Pdf the middle east and north africa mena have long been laden with tensions and instabilities. After examining the possible relationships between the arab riots and the global economic crisis started in 2007, the analysis focuses. The causes and effects of the arab springs by matthew. The waves of the arab spring in tunisia, egypt, libya, yemen and syria, and any other country that may follow, is considered a unique phenomenon worth studying in view of the pre and post revolution events and effects on all sectors of the national economy, as well as their interlocking effects on the global economy.
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